神经纤维瘤病是一种导致神经组织上形成肿瘤的遗传性疾病。这些肿瘤可以在神经系统的任何地方发展，包括大脑、脊髓和神经。神经纤维瘤病通常在儿童期或成年早期被诊断出来。这种病症的严重程度不一，症状从轻微到严重不等，可能会影响外貌和健康。

神经纤维瘤病有三种主要类型：
1. 神经纤维瘤病类型1（NF1）：这是最常见的类型，其特点是皮肤颜色变化（色素沉着），如咖啡牛奶斑，以及在皮肤、大脑和体内其他部位的神经上生长肿瘤。学习障碍在这种情况下很常见。
2. 神经纤维瘤病类型2（NF2）：这种类型较少见，其特征是听觉神经上发展良性肿瘤，常导致听力下降，以及平衡问题和大脑及脊髓肿瘤。
3. 神经鞘瘤病：这是一种罕见的类型，涉及在颅神经、脊髓神经和周围神经上发展肿瘤，但与NF2不同，它通常不影响听觉神经。患者通常会经历慢性疼痛，可能非常严重。

Neurofibromatosis is a genetic disorder that causes tumors to form on nerve tissue. These tumors can develop anywhere in the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Neurofibromatosis is usually diagnosed in childhood or early adulthood. The condition can vary in severity, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe, potentially affecting both physical appearance and health.

There are three main types of neurofibromatosis:
1. Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1): This is the most common type, characterized by changes in skin coloring (pigmentation), such as café-au-lait spots, and the growth of tumors along nerves in the skin, brain, and other parts of the body. Learning disabilities are common in this condition.
2. Neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2): This type is less common and is marked by the development of benign tumors on the auditory nerves, often leading to hearing loss, as well as problems with balance and brain and spinal tumors.
3. Schwannomatosis: This rare type involves the development of tumors on cranial, spinal, and peripheral nerves, but unlike NF2, it does not typically affect the auditory nerves. Patients usually experience chronic pain, which can be severe.