Please predict possible top 2 disease causes for this patient case, provide brief explanation, limit to <100 words.
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A 45-year-old male patient presented with scarcely productive cough with 3 months of evolution without other respiratory complaints, no chest pain and no constitutional symptoms, including no weight loss.
Overall, the patient was in good health. He was a car driver, an active smoker of 60 pack-years and had a medical history of dyslipidaemia and chronic laryngitis. The patient had undergone a splenectomy when he was 25 years old due to abdominal trauma. Additionally, he had a family medical history of breast cancer.
The patient first consulted his primary care physician due to these symptoms. On examination, decreased breath sounds were auscultated in the left upper lobe and oxygen saturation was 96%.

The chest radiograph showed enlargement of the left mediastinum and hypotransparency of the left just-hilar parenchyma. Consequently, a thoracic computed tomography (CT) scan was requested to better characterise the findings. It showed a solid pulmonary nodule in the left upper lobe of 26×24 mm, a pre-vascular adenopathy of 20 mm and small adenopathies in the left hilum.

He underwent a positron emission tomography (PET) scan that showed uptake with high metabolism at the level of the left upper lobe lesion and in the left pre-vascular and ipsilateral hilar ganglia. No other alterations were found in other locations.

To obtain the histological diagnosis, he underwent a bronchofibroscopy. In the left bronchial tree, at the level of division B1/B2, a small polypoid formation was identified. At this level, bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchial brushing, bronchial biopsies and transbronchial biopsies were performed. The cytology of all samples was negative.

Based on the patient's symptoms, medical history, and diagnostic findings, I predict the top 2 disease causes as:

1. **Lung Cancer**: The patient's long history of smoking (60 pack-years) and the presence of a solid pulmonary nodule in the left upper lobe with high metabolism on PET scan suggest a high likelihood of lung cancer. The negative cytology results from the bronchofibroscopy do not rule out lung cancer, as the samples may not have been representative of the tumor.
2. **Lymphoma**: The patient's history of splenectomy and the presence of pre-vascular adenopathy and small adenopathies in the left hilum on CT scan, along with high metabolism on PET scan, suggest a possible lymphoma. The negative cytology results from the bronchofibroscopy do not rule out lymphoma, as the disease may not have been sampled.

Both of these conditions require further evaluation and histological confirmation to establish a definitive diagnosis.

Please predict possible top 2 disease causes for this patient case, provide brief explanation, limit to <100 words.
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A 45-year-old male patient presented with scarcely productive cough with 3 months of evolution without other respiratory complaints, no chest pain and no constitutional symptoms, including no weight loss.
Overall, the patient was in good health. He was a car driver, an active smoker of 60 pack-years and had a medical history of dyslipidaemia and chronic laryngitis. The patient had undergone a splenectomy when he was 25 years old due to abdominal trauma. Additionally, he had a family medical history of breast cancer.
The patient first consulted his primary care physician due to these symptoms. On examination, decreased breath sounds were auscultated in the left upper lobe and oxygen saturation was 96%.
The chest radiograph showed enlargement of the left mediastinum and hypotransparency of the left just-hilar parenchyma.

Based on the patient's symptoms and medical history, I predict the top 2 disease causes as:

1. **Lung Cancer**: The patient's 60 pack-year smoking history and family history of breast cancer increase his risk for lung cancer. The scarcely productive cough, decreased breath sounds in the left upper lobe, and chest radiograph findings of mediastinal enlargement and parenchymal hypotransparency are consistent with lung cancer.
2. **Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)**: The patient's smoking history and chronic laryngitis suggest a possible diagnosis of COPD. The decreased breath sounds and hypotransparency on chest radiograph could be indicative of COPD-related lung damage.

Both conditions require further diagnostic evaluation, including imaging studies and pulmonary function tests, to confirm the diagnosis.